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Special Characters |
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" | " | " | quotation mark | u+0022 ISOnum |
& | & | & | ampersand | u+0026 ISOnum |
< | < | < | less-than sign | u+003C ISOnum |
> | > | > | greater-than sign | u+003E ISOnum |
Latin-1 entity set for HTML |
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|   | no-break space | %A0 | |
¡ | ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation mark | %A1 |
¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent sign | %A2 |
£ | £ | £ | pound sterling sign | %A3 |
¤ | ¤ | ¤ | general currency sign | %A4 |
¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen sign | %A5 |
¦ | ¦ | ¦ | broken (vertical) bar | %A6 |
§ | § | § | section sign | %A7 |
¨ | ¨ | ¨ | umlaut (dieresis) | %A8 |
© | © | © | copyright sign | %A9 |
ª | ª | ª | ordinal indicator, feminine | %AA |
« | « | « | angle quotation mark, left | %AB |
¬ | ¬ | ¬ | not sign | %AC |
­ | | ­ | soft hyphen | %AD |
® | ® | ® | registered sign | %AE |
¯ | ¯ | ¯ | macron | %AF |
° | ° | ° | degree sign | %B0 |
± | ± | ± | plus-or-minus sign | %B1 |
² | ² | ² | superscript two | %B2 |
³ | ³ | ³ | superscript three | %B3 |
´ | ´ | ´ | acute accent | %B4 |
µ | µ | µ | micro sign | %B5 |
¶ | ¶ | ¶ | pilcrow (paragraph sign) | %B6 |
· | · | · | middle dot | %B7 |
¸ | ¸ | ¸ | cedilla | %B8 |
¹ | ¹ | ¹ | superscript one | %B9 |
º | º | º | ordinal indicator, masculine | %BA |
» | » | » | angle quotation mark, right | %BB |
¼ | ¼ | ¼ | fraction one-quarter | %BC |
½ | ½ | ½ | fraction one-half | %BD |
¾ | ¾ | ¾ | fraction three-quarters | %BE |
¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark | %BF |
À | À | À | capital A, grave accent | %C0 |
Á | Á | Á | capital A, acute accent | %C1 |
 |  |  | capital A, circumflex accent | %C2 |
à | à | à | capital A, tilde | %C3 |
Ä | Ä | Ä | capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark | %C4 |
Å | Å | Å | capital A, ring | %C5 |
Æ | Æ | Æ | capital AE diphthong (ligature) | %C6 |
Ç | Ç | Ç | capital C, cedilla | %C7 |
È | È | È | capital E, grave accent | %C8 |
É | É | É | capital E, acute accent | %C9 |
Ê | Ê | Ê | capital E, circumflex accent | %CA |
Ë | Ë | Ë | capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark | %CB |
Ì | Ì | Ì | capital I, grave accent | %CC |
Í | Í | Í | capital I, acute accent | %CD |
Î | Î | Î | capital I, circumflex accent | %CE |
Ï | Ï | Ï | capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark | %CF |
Ð | Ð | Ð | capital Eth, Icelandic | %D0 |
Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | capital N, tilde | %D1 |
Ò | Ò | Ò | capital O, grave accent | %D2 |
Ó | Ó | Ó | capital O, acute accent | %D3 |
Ô | Ô | Ô | capital O, circumflex accent | %D4 |
Õ | Õ | Õ | capital O, tilde | %D5 |
Ö | Ö | Ö | capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark | %D6 |
× | × | × | multiply sign | %D7 |
Ø | Ø | Ø |
capital O, slash |
%D8 |
Ù | Ù | Ù | capital U, grave accent | %D9 |
Ú | Ú | Ú | capital U, acute accent | %DA |
Û | Û | Û | capital U, circumflex accent | %DB |
Ü | Ü | Ü | capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark | %DC |
Ý | Ý | Ý | capital Y, acute accent | %DD |
Þ | Þ | Þ | capital THORN, Icelandic | %DE |
ß | ß | ß | small sharp s, German (sz ligature) | %DF |
à | à | à | small a, grave accent | %E0 |
á | á | á | small a, acute accent | %E1 |
â | â | â | small a, circumflex accent | %E2 |
ã | ã | ã | small a, tilde | %E3 |
ä | ä | ä | small a, dieresis or umlaut mark | %E4 |
å | å | å | small a, ring | %E5 |
æ | æ | æ | small ae diphthong (ligature) | %E6 |
ç | ç | ç | small c, cedilla | %E7 |
è | è | è | small e, grave accent | %E8 |
é | é | é | small e, acute accent | %E9 |
ê | ê | ê | small e, circumflex accent | %EA |
ë | ë | ë | small e, dieresis or umlaut mark | %EB |
ì | ì | ì | small i, grave accent | %EC |
í | í | í | small i, acute accent | %ED |
î | î | î | small i, circumflex accent | %EE |
ï | ï | ï | small i, dieresis or umlaut mark | %EF |
ð | ð | ð | small eth, Icelandic | %F0 |
ñ | ñ | ñ | small n, tilde | %F1 |
ò | ò | ò | small o, grave accent | %F2 |
ó | ó | ó | small o, acute accent | %F3 |
ô | ô | ô | small o, circumflex accent | %F4 |
õ | õ | õ | small o, tilde | %F5 |
ö | ö | ö | small o, dieresis or umlaut mark | %F6 |
÷ | ÷ | ÷ | divide sign | %F7 |
ø | ø | ø | small o, slash | %F8 |
ù | ù | ù | small u, grave accent | %F9 |
ú | ú | ú | small u, acute accent | %FA |
û | û | û | small u, circumflex accent | %FB |
ü | ü | ü | small u, dieresis or umlaut mark | %FC |
ý | ý | ý | small y, acute accent | %FD |
þ | þ | þ | small thorn, Icelandic | %FE |
ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | small y, dieresis or umlaut mark | %FF |
Latin Extended-A |
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Œ | Œ | Œ | latin capital ligature oe | u+0152 ISOlat2 |
œ | œ | œ | latin small ligature oe
(ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages) |
u+0153 ISOlat2 |
Š | Š | Š | latin capital letter s with caron | u+0160 ISOlat2 |
š | š | š | latin small letter s with caron | u+0161 ISOlat2 |
Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | latin capital letter y with diaeresis | u+0178 ISOlat2 |
Latin Extended-B |
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ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | latin small f with hook, a.k.a. function, a.k.a. florin | u+0192 ISOtech |
Spacing Modifier Letters |
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ˆ | ˆ | modifier letter circumflex accent | u+02C6 ISOpub | |
˜ | ˜ | small tilde | u+02DC ISOdia | |
Greek |
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Α | Α | Α | greek capital letter alpha | u+0391 |
Β | Β | Β | greek capital letter beta | u+0392 |
Γ | Γ | Γ | greek capital letter gamma | u+0393 ISOgrk3 |
Δ | Δ | Δ | greek capital letter delta | u+0394 ISOgrk3 |
Ε | Ε | Ε | greek capital letter epsilon | u+0395 |
Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | greek capital letter zeta | u+0396 |
Η | Η | Η | greek capital letter eta | u+0397 |
Θ | Θ | Θ | greek capital letter theta | u+0398 ISOgrk3 |
Ι | Ι | Ι | greek capital letter iota | u+0399 |
Κ | Κ | Κ | greek capital letter kappa | u+039A |
Λ | Λ | Λ | greek capital letter lambda | u+039B ISOgrk3 |
Μ | Μ | Μ | greek capital letter mu | u+039C |
Ν | Ν | Ν | greek capital letter nu | u+039D |
Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | greek capital letter xi | u+039E ISOgrk3 |
Ο | Ο | Ο | greek capital letter omicron | u+039F |
Π | Π | Π | greek capital letter pi | u+03A0 ISOgrk3 |
Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | greek capital letter rho | u+03A1 |
Σ | Σ | Σ | greek capital letter sigma | u+03A3 ISOgrk3 |
Τ | Τ | Τ | greek capital letter tau | u+03A4 |
Υ | Υ | Υ | greek capital letter upsilon | u+03A5 ISOgrk3 |
Φ | Φ | Φ | greek capital letter phi | u+03A6 ISOgrk3 |
Χ | Χ | Χ | greek capital letter chi | u+03A7 |
Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | greek capital letter psi | u+03A8 ISOgrk3 |
Ω | Ω | Ω | greek capital letter omega | u+03A9 ISOgrk3 |
α | α | α | greek small letter alpha | u+03B1 ISOgrk3 |
β | β | β | greek small letter beta | u+03B2 ISOgrk3 |
γ | γ | γ | greek small letter gamma | u+03B3 ISOgrk3 |
δ | δ | δ | greek small letter delta | u+03B4 ISOgrk3 |
ε | ε | ε | greek small letter epsilon | u+03B5 ISOgrk3 |
ζ | ζ | ζ | greek small letter zeta | u+03B6 ISOgrk3 |
η | η | η | greek small letter eta | u+03B7 ISOgrk3 |
θ | θ | θ | greek small letter theta | u+03B8 ISOgrk3 |
ι | ι | ι | greek small letter iota | u+03B9 ISOgrk3 |
κ | κ | κ | greek small letter kappa | u+03BA ISOgrk3 |
λ | λ | λ | greek small letter lambda | u+03BB ISOgrk3 |
μ | μ | μ | greek small letter mu | u+03BC ISOgrk3 |
ν | ν | ν | greek small letter nu | u+03BD ISOgrk3 |
ξ | ξ | ξ | greek small letter xi | u+03BE ISOgrk3 |
ο | ο | ο | greek small letter omicron | u+03BF NEW |
π | π | π | greek small letter pi | u+03C0 ISOgrk3 |
ρ | ρ | ρ | greek small letter rho | u+03C1 ISOgrk3 |
ς | ς | ς | greek small letter final sigma | u+03C2 ISOgrk3 |
σ | σ | σ | greek small letter sigma | u+03C3 ISOgrk3 |
τ | τ | τ | greek small letter tau | u+03C4 ISOgrk3 |
υ | υ | υ | greek small letter upsilon | u+03C5 ISOgrk3 |
φ | φ | φ | greek small letter phi | u+03C6 ISOgrk3 |
χ | χ | χ | greek small letter chi | u+03C7 ISOgrk3 |
ψ | ψ | ψ | greek small letter psi | u+03C8 ISOgrk3 |
ω | ω | ω | greek small letter omega | u+03C9 ISOgrk3 |
ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | greek small letter theta symbol | u+03D1 NEW |
ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | greek upsilon with hook symbol | u+03D2 NEW |
ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | greek pi symbol | u+03D6 ISOgrk3 |
Punctuation |
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  |   | en space | u+2002 ISOpub | |
  |   | em space | u+2003 ISOpub | |
  |   | thin space | u+2009 ISOpub | |
‌ | | ‌ | zero width non-joiner | u+200C NEW RFC 2070 |
‍ | | ‍ | zero width joiner | u+200D NEW RFC 2070 |
‎ | | ‎ | left-to-right mark | u+200E NEW RFC 2070 |
‏ | | ‏ | right-to-left mark | u+200F NEW RFC 2070 |
– | – | – | en dash | u+2013 ISOpub |
— | — | — | em dash | u+2014 ISOpub |
‘ | ‘ | ‘ | left single quotation mark | u+2018 ISOnum |
’ | ’ | ’ | right single quotation mark | u+2019 ISOnum |
‚ | ‚ | ‚ | single low-9 quotation mark | u+201A NEW |
“ | “ | “ | left double quotation mark | u+201C ISOnum |
” | ” | ” | right double quotation mark | u+201D ISOnum |
„ | „ | „ | double low-9 quotation mark | u+201E NEW |
† | † | † | dagger | u+2020 ISOpub |
‡ | ‡ | ‡ | double dagger | u+2021 ISOpub |
‰ | ‰ | ‰ | per mille sign | u+2030 ISOtech |
‹ | ‹ | ‹ | single left-pointing angle quotation mark
(lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardised) |
u+2039 ISO proposed |
› | › | › | single right-pointing angle quotation mark
rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardised |
u+203A ISO proposed |
General Punctuation |
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• | • | • | bullet, a.k.a. black small circle
bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator — u+2219 |
u+2022 ISOpub |
… | … | … | horizontal ellipsis, a.k.a. three dot leader | u+2026 ISOpub |
′ | ′ | ′ | prime, a.k.a. minutes, a.k.a. feet | u+2032 ISOtech |
″ | ″ | ″ | double prime, a.k.a. seconds, a.k.a. inches | u+2033 ISOtech |
‾ | ‾ | ‾ | overline, a.k.a. spacing overscore | u+203E NEW |
⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | fraction slash | u+2044 NEW |
Letterlike Symbols |
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℘ | ℘ | ℘ | script capital P, a.k.a. power set, a.k.a. Weierstrass p | u+2118 ISOamso |
ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | blackletter capital I, a.k.a. imaginary part | u+2111 ISOamso |
ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | blackletter capital R, a.k.a. real part symbol | u+211C ISOamso |
™ | ™ | ™ | trade mark sign | u+2122 ISOnum |
ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | alef symbol, a.k.a. first transfinite cardinal
alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef — u+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters |
u+2135 NEW |
Arrows |
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← | ← | ← | leftwards arrow | u+2190 ISOnum |
↑ | ↑ | ↑ | upwards arrow | u+2191 ISOnum |
→ | → | → | rightwards arrow | u+2192 ISOnum |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ | downwards arrow | u+2193 ISOnum |
↔ | ↔ | ↔ | left right arrow | u+2194 ISOamsa |
↵ | ↵ | ↵ | downwards arrow with corner leftwards, a.k.a. carriage return | u+21B5 NEW |
⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | leftwards double arrow
can be used for ‘is implied by’ |
u+21D0 ISOtech |
⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | upwards double arrow | u+21D1 ISOamsa |
⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | rightwards double arrow | u+21D2 ISOtech |
⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | downwards double arrow | u+21D3 ISOamsa |
⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | left right double arrow | u+21D4 ISOamsa |
Mathematical Operators |
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∀ | ∀ | ∀ | for all | u+2200 ISOtech |
∂ | ∂ | ∂ | partial differential | u+2202 ISOtech |
∃ | ∃ | ∃ | there exists | u+2203 ISOtech |
∅ | ∅ | ∅ | empty set, a.k.a. null set, a.k.a. diameter | u+2205 ISOamso |
∇ | ∇ | ∇ | nabla, a.k.a. backward difference | u+2207 ISOtech |
∈ | ∈ | ∈ | element of | u+2208 ISOtech |
∉ | ∉ | ∉ | not an element of | u+2209 ISOtech |
∋ | ∋ | ∋ | contains as member | u+220B ISOtech |
∏ | ∏ | ∏ | n-ary product, a.k.a. product sign
prod is NOT the same character as u+03A0 ‘greek capital letter pi’ though the same glyph might be used for both |
u+220F ISOamsb |
∑ | ∑ | ∑ | n-ary sumation
sum is NOT the same character as u+03A3 ‘greek capital letter sigma’ though the same glyph might be used for both |
u+2211 ISOamsb |
− | − | − | minus sign | u+2212 ISOtech |
∗ | ∗ | ∗ | asterisk operator | u+2217 ISOtech |
√ | √ | √ | square root, a.k.a. radical sign | u+221A ISOtech |
∝ | ∝ | ∝ | proportional to | u+221D ISOtech |
∞ | ∞ | ∞ | infinity | u+221E ISOtech |
∠ | ∠ | ∠ | angle | u+2220 ISOamso |
∧ | ⊥ | ⊥ | logical and, a.k.a. wedge | u+2227 ISOtech |
∨ | ⊦ | ⊦ | logical or, a.k.a. vee | u+2228 ISOtech |
∩ | ∩ | ∩ | intersection, a.k.a. cap | u+2229 ISOtech |
∪ | ∪ | ∪ | union, a.k.a. cup | u+222A ISOtech |
∫ | ∫ | ∫ | integral | u+222B ISOtech |
∴ | ∴ | ∴ | therefore | u+2234 ISOtech |
∼ | ∼ | ∼ | tilde operator, a.k.a. varies with,
similar to tilde operator, but is NOT the same character as the tilde u+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both |
u+223C ISOtech |
≅ | ≅ | ≅ | approximately equal to | u+2245 ISOtech |
≈ | ≈ | ≈ | almost equal to, a.k.a. asymptotic to | u+2248 ISOamsr |
≠ | ≠ | ≠ | not equal to | u+2260 ISOtech |
≡ | ≡ | ≡ | identical to | u+2261 ISOtech |
≤ | ≤ | ≤ | less-than or equal to | u+2264 ISOtech |
≥ | ≥ | ≥ | greater-than or equal to | u+2265 ISOtech |
⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | subset of | u+2282 ISOtech |
⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | superset of
note that nsup, ‘not a superset of u+2283′ is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included. |
u+2283 ISOtech |
⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | not a subset of | u+2284 ISOamsn |
⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | subset of or equal to | u+2286 ISOtech |
⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | superset of or equal to | u+2287 ISOtech |
⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | circled plus, a.k.a. direct sum | u+2295 ISOamsb |
⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | circled times, a.k.a. vector product | u+2297 ISOamsb |
⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | up tack, a.k.a. orthogonal to, a.k.a. perpendicular | u+22A5 ISOtech |
⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | dot operator
dot operator is NOT the same character as u+00B7 middle dot |
u+22C5 ISOamsb |
Mathematical Operators |
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⌈ | ⌈ | ⌈ | left ceiling, a.k.a. apl upstile | u+2308, ISOamsc |
⌉ | ⌉ | ⌉ | right ceiling | u+2309, ISOamsc |
⌊ | ⌊ | ⌊ | left floor, a.k.a. apl downstile | u+230A, ISOamsc |
⌋ | ⌋ | ⌋ | right floor | u+230B, ISOamsc |
⟨ | 〈 | 〈 | left-pointing angle bracket, a.k.a. bra
lang is NOT the same character as u+003C ‘less than’ or u+2039 ’single left-pointing angle quotation mark’ |
u+2329 ISOtech |
⟩ | 〉 | 〉 | right-pointing angle bracket, a.k.a. ket
rang is NOT the same character as u+003E ‘greater than’ or u+203A ’single right-pointing angle quotation mark’ |
u+232A ISOtech |
Geometric Shapes |
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◊ | ◊ | ◊ | lozenge | u+25CA ISOpub |
Miscellaneous Symbols |
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♠ | ♠ | ♠ | black spade suit | u+2660 ISOpub |
♣ | ♣ | ♣ | black club suit, a.k.a. shamrock | u+2663 ISOpub |
♥ | ♥ | ♥ | black heart suit, a.k.a. valentine | u+2665 ISOpub |
♦ | ♦ | ♦ | black diamond suit | u+2666 ISOpub |
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A character entity is a piece of code used to represent a character that doesn't fit within the page's character set. Authors of HTML texts can insert symbols using this approach by composing strings of popular and well-known characters.
A character entity can be written in one of three ways, each of which begins with an ampersand "&" and ends with a semicolon ";":
Most ASCII characters have a special code that you can use to make the character appear reliably in HTML. Special HTML codes (ascii code or word) can be used and interpreted by the web browser to get specific characters to display on an HTML web page. These HTML codes are called html entities, html characters or html symbols.
You may also include symbols which are not present on your keyboard by using entities. On a regular keyboard, several mathematical, scientific, and currency symbols are absent. To add such symbols to an HTML file, the symbol may be used with the name of the entity or the number of the entity (a decimal or hexadecimal reference).
Above is a nice table of the most widely used symbols and characters, written in ASCII. As a developer I also get image-based results when I check for those codes. These are inaccessible to visually disabled individuals, which make it impossible for someone to copy-paste the codes.
Code generation, like drinking alcohol, is good in moderation.
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